{"id":34999,"date":"2025-07-20T23:13:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-20T21:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/?p=34999"},"modified":"2025-07-20T23:13:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T21:13:13","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/?p=34999","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631.\u062f.\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 !\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<br \/>\n\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023  \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a . \u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (SAF) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (RSF) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648  \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646  \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629.\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0661. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<br \/>\n\u063a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629  \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<br \/>\n\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 (International Committee of the Red Cross, 1949). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641.<br \/>\n\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u201d (United Nations General Assembly, 2004). \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u201d (Hybrid Conflicts) \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646:<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Hoffman, 2007).<br \/>\n. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\n. \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023: \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639<br \/>\n\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628  \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 SAF \u0648RSF \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062e\u062e  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies, 2023). \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Human Rights Watch, 2023).\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a .<br \/>\n\u0664. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\u0623. \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 .<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a .<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0628. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a (United Nations Human Rights Council, 2023) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 .<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<br \/>\n\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 . \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 RSF \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (Reuters, 2023)\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0628. \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 (Small Arms Survey, 2023)\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/>\n\u062c. \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0631<br \/>\n\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (International Crisis Group, 2023).\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d (OCHA, 2024) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f .<\/p>\n<p>\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0626\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n<p>\u0668\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628.<br \/>\n\t\u2022\t\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0669. \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640:<br \/>\n\t1.\t\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629.<br \/>\n\t2.\t\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\t3.\t\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n\t4.\t\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\n\u2e3b<br \/>\n\u0662\u0660 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665\u0645<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635: \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG-20250717-WA0003.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34999"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35001,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34999\/revisions\/35001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/34928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alakhbar-alsudan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}